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Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine
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2(3):389-409 (1991)     Crit Rev Oral Biol Med
© 1991 SAGE Publications

Osteoclast Differentiation

G. David Roodman

Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Texas Health Science Center and the Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, San Antonio, Texas

The osteoclast is the primary bone resorbing cell. It is a highly specialized multinucleated cell whose primary function is to help in the control of calcium homeostasis. The osteoclast has been very difficult to study because of its relative inaccessability, low numbers, and fragility when isolated from bone. Recently, techniques have been developed to study the cell biology of the osteoclast that have expanded our ability to understand the biological and functional properties of osteoclasts. In this article, studies on the origin of the osteoclast are reviewed and the differentiation markers that are used to detect cells in the osteoclast lineage are discussed. Factors that affect osteoclast differentiation are presented and model systems currently in use for studying osteoclast differentiation are evaluated for their relative strengths and weaknesses. In addition, osteoclast differentiation during tooth eruption and root resorption and the effects of bone matrix elements on osteoclast differentation are reviewed.

Key Words: calcium homeostasis • osoteoclasts • Golgi complexes.

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 3, 389-409 (1991)
DOI: 10.1177/10454411910020030601
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