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Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine
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SMOKELESS TOBACCO AND ORAL CANCER: A REVIEW OF THE RISKS AND DETERMINANTS

Brad Rodu* and Christer Jansson

1 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, LHRB 156, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA;
2 Research and Development Department, Swedish National Food Administration, Uppsala, Sweden


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1. Summary RRs for oral cancer and related sites according to SLT product type. Adapted from Rodu and Cole (2002). Oral Cav = Oral Cavity; Ph = Pharynx; La = Larynx.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2. Historical levels of total tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) (ppm) in American and Swedish moist snuff products, 1981–2002. Sources: Hoffmann and Adams, 1981; Österdahl and Slorach, 1984; Hoffmann et al., 1984, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1995; Brunnemann et al., 1985, 1987, 2002; Chamberlain et al., 1988; Djordjevic et al., 1989, 1993.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3. Historical levels of N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) + 4-methyl-N-nitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) (ppm) in American and Swedish moist snuff products, 1981–2002. Sources as for Fig. 2Go.

 

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, Vol. 15, No. 5, 252-263 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/154411130401500502
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