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Figure 5. Schematic representation of the relationship between stress and strain during a sinusoidal oscillating strain ( , angular velocity) for a perfectly elastic solid (A, Hookean body), a viscoelastic material (B), and a perfectly viscous liquid (C, Newtonian body). In a viscoelastic material, the phase difference between stress and strain is somewhere between ( /2 >  > 0), and the complex modulus E* is resolved into two components, i.e., the storage modulus E' and the loss modulus E'', shown vectorially. Furthermore, the tangent of the phase angle () between stress and strain is a measure of the ratio of energy loss to energy stored during a cyclic deformation.
Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med., Vol. 14, No. 2,
138-150 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/154411130301400207
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